High-Efficiency Power Factor Correction (PFC) Circuits: A Review of Topologies and Applications

Abstract

Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuits play a critical role in enhancing the efficiency and reliability of power conversion systems by reducing power losses, improving power factor, and ensuring compliance with international power quality standards. With the increasing demand for energy-efficient electronics across various industries, high-efficiency PFC topologies have gained significant attention. Traditional PFC techniques, such as passive and active PFC circuits, have been widely employed; however, recent advancements in power electronics have led to the development of more efficient topologies, including bridgeless PFC, interleaved PFC, and digital control strategies. These advanced PFC designs minimize conduction losses, optimize thermal management, and achieve near-unity power factor operation.

This review provides a comprehensive overview of different PFC topologies, their working principles, and their comparative advantages. It also explores digital control methodologies and the role of modern semiconductor materials, such as Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC), in improving the efficiency and reliability of PFC circuits. Furthermore, the applications of PFC circuits in switched-mode power supplies (SMPS), electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy systems, and LED drivers are discussed, emphasizing their contribution to energy savings and grid stability. The study highlights emerging trends, including AI-driven adaptive control techniques and wireless PFC solutions, which promise further improvements in power factor correction technology. Ultimately, this review aims to provide insights into the future of PFC circuits and their role in shaping next-generation energy-efficient power conversion systems.