Journal of Advanced Research in Manufacturing, Material Science & Metallurgical Engineering

Fly Ash–Copper Slag Geopolymer Concrete: A Review

Tariq Muneer — 2026-08-10

Fabrication and Secondary Processing Techniques for High-Performance Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites

Dharmpal Deepak — 2026-09-24

Magnesium metal matrix composites (MMMCs) have emerged as promising lightweight engineering materials owing to their high specific strength, excellent stiffness, superior wear resistance, and enhanced damping characteristics. These attributes make them highly suitable for applications in the automotive, aerospace, biomedical, and defense sectors. The performance of MMMCs is strongly influenced by the fabrication route employed, as the processing technique governs the distribution of reinforcement, interfacial bonding, porosity, and overall microstructure. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the major fabrication techniques used for magnesium metal matrix composites, including stir casting, squeeze casting, powder metallurgy, pressure less infiltration, in-situ synthesis, spray deposition, disintegrated melt deposition, and friction stir processing. The advantages, limitations, and typical applications of each technique are critically discussed with emphasis on their influence on mechanical and tribological properties. Furthermore, secondary processing methods such as extrusion, equal channel angular pressing, rolling, and forging are reviewed to highlight their role in grain refinement, defect elimination, and enhancement of composite performance. A comparative assessment of the various processing routes is also presented to facilitate the selection of suitable manufacturing techniques for specific engineering applications. The review provides valuable insights into current developments and future directions for the design and processing of high-performance magnesium metal matrix composites.

Responsible Research and Sustainability in Manufacturing: A Perspective on Friction Stir Welding

Kapil B Pipavat — 2026-07-01

The growing emphasis on sustainable development has intensified the need for manufacturing technologies that balance technical performance with ethical responsibility, environmental protection, and human well-being. Conventional fusion welding processes, while widely used, are often associated with high energy consumption, harmful emissions, material wastage, and occupational health risks. In this context, friction stir welding (FSW), a solid-state joining process, has emerged as a responsible and sustainable alternative for modern manufacturing applications. This paper examines conventional friction stir welding from the perspective of responsible research and ethical technological innovation. Operating below the melting temperature of materials, FSW significantly reduces energy input, eliminates the need for consumable filler materials and shielding gases, and minimises the generation of fumes, radiation, and welding-related pollutants. These characteristics directly contribute to improved workplace safety and reduced environmental impact, aligning the process with human-centric manufacturing principles. From a sustainability viewpoint, friction stir welding supports efficient material utilisation, superior joint integrity, and enhanced mechanical performance, which collectively extend component service life and reduce resource consumption. The process has demonstrated clear advantages in terms of lower power consumption, reduced carbon footprint, minimal waste generation, and improved lifecycle performance when compared with conventional arc welding techniques. Such attributes make FSW particularly relevant for industries seeking sustainable production practices, including transportation, structural fabrication, and energy-related sectors. Beyond its technical benefits, the adoption of friction stir welding reflects an ethical commitment to responsible innovation, where technological advancement is guided by environmental stewardship and societal well-being. This study highlights FSW as not merely a joining technique but as a conscious engineering choice that integrates sustainability, safety, and human responsibility in the age of innovation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2393.8315.202605

How to cite this article:
Pipavat K B, Joshi H I, Acharya G D. Responsible Research and Sustainability in Manufacturing: A Perspective on Friction Stir Welding. J Adv Res Mfg Mater Sci Met Engi 2026; 13(3&4): 1-11.