Comparative Analysis of Conventional and Green Building Materials in Structural Engineering

Abstract

The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources and a major contributor to environmental degradation due to extensive use of conventional building materials such as cement, steel, bricks, and natural aggregates. In response to growing environmental concerns, green building materials have emerged as sustainable alternatives that aim to reduce carbon emissions, energy consumption, and resource depletion. This study presents a comparative analysis of conventional and green building materials in structural engineering with respect to mechanical performance, durability, environmental impact, and cost efficiency. Materials such as fly ash bricks, recycled aggregates, geopolymer concrete, bamboo, and engineered timber are evaluated against traditional materials. The findings indicate that green materials offer comparable or superior structural performance while significantly reducing environmental impacts. However, challenges such as standardization, availability, and initial cost barriers still limit widespread adoption. The study concludes that integrating green materials into structural engineering practices is essential for achieving sustainable and resilient infrastructure development.