Journal of Advanced Research in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Integrating Science for Flood Resilience: A Review About Multidisciplinary Perspectives and Computational Approaches to Early Warning Systems

Dr. Praveen Sakalya — 2025-10-25

After 2004 Sumatra Tsunami, the disaster vulnerability of Kerala changed in significant proportions. The disasters like Ockhi, Floods and Landslides changed the preconceived notions about the disaster vulnerability of Kerala. Each disaster contributed towards expanding the horizon of research and development, leading to the installation of a tsunami warning centre and a cyclone warning centre in India with many regional disaster management centres. The state of Kerala is now engrossed in developing a flood monitoring, mapping and a warning system for the state. A pertinent constituent of a warning system is the numerical modelling component. Using numerical modelling we can generate pre-run scenarios of all possible flood emanating conditions, from which we can identify the estimated simulation pattern of inundation and run-up for issuing warnings to mitigate the impact of disaster. At this juncture, this investigation seeks to showcase the concepts associated with the dynamics of floods,its causes and types, as well as the concept of numerical modelling, various computational techniques, and the components of a flood warning system. This kind of understanding is very much essential for people who are sailing through the research trajectory of flood modelling and management. This investigation is initiated at this juncture.

Performance Optimisation of Self-Curing Con- crete Incorporating Polyethylene Glycol as an Internal Moisture Retaining Agent

Shakti Kumar — 2025-10-25

This research explores the potential of polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as an internal curing agent for developing self-curing concrete, providing an innovative and sustainable alternative to conventional external water-curing methods. The study focuses on addressing the challenges of water scarcity in construction by introducing a self-curing mechanism that maintains internal moisture for prolonged hydration. Polyethylene glycol, a water-soluble polymer, was incorporated in varying proportions to evaluate its influence on the hydration process and overall performance of concrete. The results demonstrate that the controlled addition of PEG-400 significantly enhances the hydration rate, reduces early-age shrinkage, and improves the overall mechanical behaviour of concrete. However, excessive dosage leads to a reduction in strength due to interference with the cement matrix formation. The findings confirm that an optimum level of PEG-400 promotes effective internal curing, resulting in durable and sustainable concrete. This approach offers a viable pathway for advancing eco-friendly construction practices by minimising water consumption while maintaining high performance and durability standards.

Use of Copper Slag as a Partial Replacement of Cement and Sand in Concrete

Shakti Kumar — 2025-10-25

The rapid growth of the construction industry has led to an increased demand for natural resources such as sand and cement. This has resulted in significant environmental degradation and the depletion of natural materials. Copper slag, an industrial by-product generated during the smelting and refining of copper, has emerged as a potential alternative material in concrete production. This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the use of copper slag as a partial replacement of cement and fine aggregates (sand) in concrete. The study highlights its physical and chemical properties, mechanical performance, durability, and environmental implications. It concludes that the optimal replacement of fine aggregate as copper slag lies between 20-25% and cement lies between 7-10%, depending on mix design and performance requirements, resulting in improved strength and durability characteristics.