A Comparative Study on Properties of Riverbed Sand and Gravel of Different Selected Extraction Sites within Sundarbazar Municipality, Nepal
Keywords:
Gravel samples, Lab test, Aggregate Impact Value, California Bearing RatioAbstract
Sand samples from four extraction sites of Marsyangdi river andthree extraction sites of Paundi river were collected. Similarly, gravel samples from three extraction sites of Paundi river were collected. Lab test for physical properties of sand and mechanical properties of
gravel were conducted on that sample to evaluate their quality for use in construction works. Lab testing were done as per IS 2386: 1963.
After conducting the lab test of physical properties of aggregate, it is concluded that sand samples from Marsyangdi and Paundi river meet the standard value of specific gravity (>2.6), water absorption (<5%) and bulk density (1450–2082 kg/m3). Sieve analysis results show
that samples from Marsyangi river are poorly graded (Cu<4) whereas samples from Paundi river are well graded (Cu>4). Depending mainly on grading zone, Marsyangdi river sand lies in Zone II and III and can be used for concreting, plastering, rendering and screeding works. Similarly, Paundi river sand lies in Zone II and can be used in concreting works. On the basis of silt and clay content, Marsyangdi river sand samples are within the standard limit (5%) and Paundi river sand samples does not comply with the standard limit (5%) for use in construction. From result and analysis of Paundi river gravel samples, it is seen that gravel
samples lies in grading III and IV of Standard Specifications “For Road and Bridge Works-2073”. The particle size of gravel becomes finer as we move from upstream to downstream. Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) of all samples meet the criteria (<40%) of subbase material of class I and class II road construction works as specified by DoR. AIV decreases from upstream to downstream which means gravel quality in terms of strength increases as it move downstream. Comparing with standard specification of DoR, all samples have California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value greater than 30% which means it can withstand heavy loads
without deformation.
Keywords: Gravel Samples, Lab Test, Aggregate Impact Value, California Bearing Ratio
How to cite this article:
Subedi B, Banstola R, Baral NP, et al. A Comparative Study on Properties of Riverbed
Sand and Gravel of Different Selected Extraction Sites with in Sundarbazar Municipality, Nepal. J Adv Res Civil Envi Engr 2023; 10(2): 1-13.
References
AASHTO T-193. (2007). Standard Method of Test for
The California Bearing Ratio. 99, 580–585. https://doi.
org/10.1520/d1883-07
Prabin B, Kumar MA, Bhandari BR. Assessment of
Household Cement Consumption Pattern in Pokhara
Metropolitan City. Journal of Advanced Research in
Construction and Urban Architecture 2021; 6(1): 12–20.
https://doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.202102
Banstola P, Shrestha KK, Thapa I. Environmental
Impacts of Concrete in Chemical Parameters of Soil.
Journal of Advanced Research in Civil and Environmental
Engineering 2021; 08(3&4): 9–17. https://doi.
org/10.24321/2393.8307.202106
Brown B. Chapter 5 : Aggregates for Concrete. Design
and Control of Concrete Mixtures 1998; 32(5): 12–14.
http://www.ce.memphis.edu/1101/notes/concrete/
PCA_manual/Chap05.pdf
DoR. (2073). Standard specifications for Roads and
Bridges. Nepal Government, 5, 708.
Elavenil S, Engg C. Manufactured Sand , A Solution
And An Alternative To River Sand And In Concrete
Manufacturing 2013; 2(2): 20–24.
Grace E. Built on Sand. The Challenge of Rousseau,
–193 2013. https://doi.org/10.1017/
cbo9781139087575.011
IS : 2386 (Part IV ). (2016). Methods of test for
Aggregates for Concrete, part 4 : Mechanical properties.
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1–37.
IS:2386 (Part I). (1963). Method of test for aggregate
for concrete (Particle size and shape). Indian Standards,
(Reaffirmed 2002).
IS:383. (1970). Specification for Coarse and Fine
Aggregates From Natural Sources for Concrete. Indian
Standards, 1–24.
IS 2386- Part III. (1963). Method of Test for aggregate
for concrete. Part III- Specific gravity, density, voids,
absorption and bulking. Bureau of Indian Standards,
New Delhi, (Reaffirmed 2002).
Madyise T. Case Studies of Environmental Impacts of
Sand Mining and. 2013; 1–134.
Mehta D, Pradesh A. A Study on Variation In Quality
of Fine Aggregate In Upstream and Downstream At
Krishna River At Vijayawada 2016; 4(3): 18-22.
Nayaju AB, Tamrakar NK. 2019E valuation of fine
aggregates from the Budhi Gandaki-Narayani River,
central Nepal for mortar and concrete. Journal of Nepal
Geological Society, 58, 69–81. https://doi.org/10.3126/
jngs.v58i0.24575
Petek Gursel A, Masanet E, Horvath A. Life-cycle
inventory analysis of concrete production: A
critical review. Cement and Concrete Composites,2014; 51(2014): 38–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
cemconcomp.2014.03.005
Salain IMAK. 202 Effect of water/cement and aggregate/
cement ratios on consistency and compressive strength
of concrete using volcanic stone waste as aggregates.
Civil Engineering and Architecture 2014; 9(6): 1900–
https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2021.090621
Shetty MS. Concrete Technology Theory and Practice
Branches : 055.
Tempa K. Study on Riverbed Sediments as Road
Construction Material : GSB and WMM Study on
Riverbed Sediments as Road Construction Material :
GSB and WMM. November.
UNEP. Sand_and_sustainability_UNEP_2019.pdf 2019.
Wijepala U, Jayakody S, Zimar A. Characterization of
the properties of manufactured sand and natural river
sand Advances in Civil and Environmental Engineering
Practices for Sustainable Development Characterization
of the properties of manufactured sand and natural river
sand. Proceedings of the 7thInternational Symposium
OnAdvances in Civil and Environmental Engineering
Practices for Sustainable Development, April 2019.
